The History of Indian art Architecture

Abstract

Such art and architecture of India has a long history, dating back for thousands of years. Indian art and architecture progressed through a number of stages: the characteristics of rock art and early settlement designs, inferences from the prehistoric period; sophisticated urban planning of the Indus Valley Civilization; stupas and caityas, Chaitya halls, Viha re halls of primitive Buddhis monasteries; the public and domestic architecture of early Jainism; Gupta architecture and sculpture; the early and medieval period of Hindu temple architecture; and the development of Indo Islamic architecture. They have developed unique architectural forms under different dynasties and over time under different religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and subsequently Islam and Sikhism. Gupta temples and cave complexes like Ajanta and Ellora display in them sculptural and mural painting richness which denote spiritual and artistic excellence. The Islamic architecture brought up new styles, the Mughal marvels such as TajMahal fused Persian and indigenous doctrines. European styles mixed with local aesthetics and were brought into the limelight during the colonial period: landmark structures seen in Victoria Memorial are examples of the same. This historical amalgamation continues to be reflected in modern Indian architecture, the mixed use of traditional and modern techniques. Not surprisingly, Indian art, ranging from ancient sculptures through to modern paintings, too mirrors these architectural trends as a rich, yet evolving visual language that is the reflection of India’s spirituality, social and cultural diversity. This legacy demonstrates the tenacity of creative and adaptive expression of Indian artistry over millenia.