FEATURES OF ECONOMIC LIFE IN THE CITY OF ROSETTA DURING THE OTTOMAN ERA, AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

Resum

Rosetta is considered one of the oldest and most important Egyptian ports, with historical roots stretching back to ancient times. It was mentioned in Strabo's Geography as "Boulbitine," indicating its strategic location at the mouth of the Boulbitine branch (the Rosetta branch). Its name is derived from the Pharaonic name "Rekhyt," used by the inhabitants of the Delta, which gradually evolved into the Coptic name "Rashit" and then to its current name, "Rosetta."

The city began to truly flourish and solidify its urban status during the reign of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil in 256 AH/870 AD, taking on a military character and becoming an independent port due to its defensive importance and its role in securing Egypt's northern borders. With the arrival of the Ottoman era in 923 AH (1517 AD) under Sultan Selim I, Rosetta reached the zenith of its glory and economic and commercial importance, being the closest Egyptian port to the capital of the Caliphate, Istanbul, and a key link between international and domestic trade via the Nile River and the Mediterranean Sea. The research subsections consist of: