FORTIFICATIONS OF AL-ZAHIR BAYBARS IN ‘AJLOUN CASTLE, AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY

Abstract

Castles were and still symbolize strength, with the aim of controlling and defending the land, since the existence and man sought protection, hence the interest in building castles, the ancient Egyptians, Canaanites, Phoenicians, Persians, Romans and Muslims - in various ages - built forts and castles for confrontation and defense, and the Levant was the focus of conflict until the Byzantine conflict, and in the era of the Ayyubids, the architecture of building castles developed, and the previous ones were restored, and in the Mamluk era, Baybars took care of the castles and renewed them