THE STABILITY OF THE RULE OF MOHAMED ALI AFTER THE FAILURE OF THE ENGLISH CAMPAIGN IN 1807, A HISTORICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY

Abstract

There is no doubt that the political conditions that Egypt experienced after the failure and withdrawal of the French campaign, at a time when the English set their feet after their participation in the expulsion of the French, as well as the conflicts between the poles of Egyptian society, led by the Mamluks and the Turks, and then the conflict began to take new directions to impose complete control over Egypt and its complete submission to one of the political forces present on the ground, as the English were preparing for the continuation of residence in Egypt as an alternative to the French who contributed to forcing them to withdraw and not for the sake of the Egyptians,

Mohamed Ali was worthy to prove his ability to manage the struggle to gain power and his multiple maneuvers to deepen the animosity and disharmony between the contenders for power, as he did with the Mamluks and then with Khorshid Pasha at a later stage, especially as he was adept at investing the victory over the English in the Rosetta battle in his favour.

This research deals with five axes, including: the consolidation of the state and the stability of government (1807-1811), getting rid of the popular leadership, suppressing the influence of the sheikhs, the position of Mohamed Ali towards the Mamluks, the establishment of a modern regular military force, and the establishment of fortresses and fortifications.